Compression sheet tool



Jan. 21, 1958 w. BARNES Y COMPRESSION SHEET TOOL 1 m gk M @Q m 1 h. mm l P 1 b 5 m. 9 4 U my N 2 8% PK t u m W H mm x m N. r i m mw :k- N M: 4 E. m/ I m Q m. :L Q J 43 A! Mm N m WI m, |||H|| m I I II E Nm lit H F Jan. 21, 1958 w. A. BARNES 2,320,380

' I COMPRESSION SHEET 'I:OOL

Filed March 18, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I /8 25 E 9.- 24 1 INVENTOR.

////////////// MMIZ M Fl 6. 6 flrroervf s COMPRESSION SHEET TOOL William A. Barnes, Utica, N. Y., assignor to Utica Drop Forge & Tool Corporation, a corporation of New York Application March 18, 1953, Serial No. 343,162

1 Claim. (CI. 7882) This invention relates in general to uniting metal members by cold pressure of the metal structures under controlled conditions of pressure and confined flow of metal, and relates more specifically to tooling to produce the desired union.

The union of two metallic members by the use of controlled cold flow of the metal structures, is a relatively recent accomplishment insofar as reducing the basic principles to a practical and usable procedure is concerned. It has long been known that metal can flow at room temperature under proper conditions of loading. It is pos sible that the uniting, or welding, of two metal objects by controlled application of high pressure at room temperature has been known. However, the reduction of this knowledge to a practical level has only recently been accomplished. United States Patent No. 2,522,408 was granted to Sowter for his development in cold pressure welding.

Even with the further advance in knowledge of basic principles, there has not been provided any practical tool for commercial application of these principles. Knowledge will seldom serve mankind unless made available on a practical level for mass use.

Some metals will actually diffuse in such manner that a polished section of the union will not reveal a distinct junction between the two original members. Other metals have a distinct line dividing the original members. It has not definitely been determined what the nature of the union is in this line. It is definitely established, however, that an exceptionally strong union is produced between the two original members whether or not there is an actual diffusion. It is not the concern of the present invention whether the union is achieved by actual diffusion or some other phenomena of metal union, but rather with the results obtained. Accordingly, in this specification and in the claims, reference will be made to a union between members caused by controlled cold flow of the metal structures, or to a cold weld. It is not intended that this invention should be limited by the choice of words to describe the junction between the members.

Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a tool for applying controlled compression of dies with respect to one another.

Another object of this invention is to provide a high compression drive structure for closable jaws of a tool machine.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a wear resistant tool that will hold accurate die space over a long time.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a tool in which all bearing surfaces are large in area, which keeps down bearing pressures and prevents wear.

And another object of this invention is to provide a source of constant lubrication which will not bleed lubricant upon the work pieces.

Other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following description Z,3Z,Ii3 Patented Jan. 21, 1953 ice and claim, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a hand tool embodying the principles of this invention; a portion of the exterior wall being broken away to reveal the internal structure at the rear portion thereof;

Figure 2 is a front view of the tool;

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a side elevational view of a tool similar to that shown in Figure 1 but with a modified form of die carriage guide means;

Figure 4a is a side elevational view of the rear end of the tool holder shown in Figure 4, illustrating a modified connection for the tool handle.

Figure 5 is a further modification of a die carriage guide means,

Figure 5a is a fragmentary section of the rear end of the tool shown in Figure 5, and illustrates a modification of the manner of connecting a handle to the tool, and

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view of the tool shown in Fig. l with the lever and cam carriage in raised position.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings, and described therein as applied to the compression of dies designed for the uniting of metal members by cold pressure. However, the tool has been found to be practical for other high compression uses, particularly for those instances requiring parallel jaw movement.

Figure l is a side elevational view of a hand tool embodying the principles of the present invention. This hand tool is adapted for applying a high compression at a relatively slow rate. The embodiment as illustrated in Figures 1 and 6 employs a frame 10 fabricated from two side plates 11 and 12. The side plates are shaped to produce a throat 13 and an anvil portion 14 in the assembled frame 10.

The anvil portion is provided with a ledge 16 and screw 17 designed to lock a die 18 in position to serve as the actual anvil in the cold solid phase bonding of two sheets of metal.

A die carriage 2t) is provided to carry an upper die 19. Ledge 16' and screw 17 hold the die on the carriage. The ledge and screw retainer means for the dies 13 and 19 are not required for holding the die against the actual work force, but merely retain the dies in position to prevent them from falling out of the tool while not in use.

Guide means is provided to interconnect the movable die carriage 20 and the frame 10 to guide the carriage through a fixed path of travel toward and from the anvil portion 14 of the frame it When the tool is used for cold solid phase bonding of metals, it is usually preferable to provide rectilinear movement of the die carriage 20. The embodiment of the invention as shown in Figures 1 and 6 has provided a slot 21 in each of the side plates 11 and 12. The slot 21 extends in a perpendicular direction parallel to the direction of movement desired for the carriage 20. Elongated bearing cars 22, as best shown in Figure 3 of the drawings, extend laterally from the carriage 20 into the slots 21. The rear portion of the carriage is thus guided by the elongated bearing ears 22 for vertical rectilinear movement. A stop portion 24 prevents the moving carriage 20 from going out of parallelism under extreme pressure.

In some uses of the device, rectilinear movement is neither necessary nor desired. Figure 4 of the drawings illustrates a modification of the invention wherein a pivot 23 is provided between the carriage 29 and the frame 16. The pivot 23 is located so that the movement of the die 19 is practically rectilinear at the moment of contact with die 18, but is actually a segment of a large circular path.

in all modifications of the invention illustrated, a spring 25 is employed between the frame and the carriage tending to urge the carriage to open position. A lever and handle combination 26 is carried by the frame 10. The lever 26 has a circular surface 27. The lever 26 is pivotally mounted on the frame 10 by a pivot 28 directly above the location of the die 18. The pivot 28 is offcenter, or eccentric, with respect to the circular surface 27 A cam carriage 30 is positioned between the lever 26 and the die carriage 2t) for the purpose of transferring forces between these members. Swinging movement of the lever 26 will cause a shifting of the circular surface 27 because of the off-center position of pivot 28. The cam carriage 3G is provided with a circular cavity 31 to closely fit the circular surface 27, and is provided with a slide surface 37 to ride the back surface 29 of die carriage 243. The back surface 29 and the slide surface 37 are fiat planes in the illustrated embodiment in the invention, but may be any suitably shaped longitudinally slidable surface.

Cam surfaces generally are point contact surfaces and, therefore, will not stand up well under severe service. The tool of this invention is a rugged tool designed to deliver extremely high pressures over an extended period of use without noticeable deterioration. The rugged and non-deteriorating result is accomplished by the provision of the mating circular surface 27 and 31 implemented by the slidable nature of the cam carriage 30 The path of travel for the cam carriage 30 may be seen by comparing Figure 1 and Figure 6. handle 26 is raised to its uppermost position where it is brought to a stop by contact between a stop surface 34 on the cam carriage 30 and a bumper surface 35 on the lever 26. The maximum open position for the tool is thus determined by surfaces 34 and 35, and will prevent the insertion of a heavier gauge stock than that for which the tool is designed. The maximum closed position is determined by a stop 36 against which the lever 26 may rest. Thus, the closing action may be brought to a conclusion at a proper relative position between the dies 18 and 19.

The design of the dies 18 and 19 is very exacting for the cold solid phase bonding of metals in order to cause a union. The principles underlying the design is set forth in the patent to Sowter referred to above. This invention is for the tooling to implement the use of proper designed dies. Thus, if an actual contact is desired between other types of dies, the stop 36 can be so positioned as to allow a further closing of the die carriage 29 toward the anvil 14.

In order to further implement the tool, a convenient handle 32 may be attached to the frame 10 by means of screws 33.

In Figure 1 of the drawings, the full lines.

handle 32 is shown in Handle 32 extends along the lower portion of the frame and forms the actual base upon which the die 18 may rest. Shims may be placed between the bottom of the portion upon which the die rests and the frame proper in order to provide exact spacing of the dies 18 and 19.

Also shown in Figure 6 is a modification wherein the handle 32 is shown extending to and being an integral part of the movable carriage 20. In this event a separate table is provided to act as a base member which may be positioned accurately by means of shims.

In Figure 5 of the drawings, an alternate method for causing rectilinear movement of the carriage 20 is illustrated. A link 39 is actuated by lever 26. A curved slot 41 in the link 39 is engaged with a pin 40 carried by frame 10. Rear-ward movement of link 39 will cause a downward shifting of the link 39. Proper design of slot 41 will cause the downward movement to be equivalent to the downward movement caused by the eccentric position of circular surface 27. A pin 42 carried by link 39 extends into a longitudinal slot 43 in die carriage 2t) and thereby transfers force downwardly to the carriage 20 In Figure 6, the

although the pin 42 is simultaneously moving longitudinally.

Although the illustrated tool is designed primarily for producing a cold weld type of union between metal members, nevertheless, there may be many other uses for a tool of this type. However, the cold union of metals by pressure requires, among other things, that the surface of the metals to be united be completely free of any contaminating foreign films. This is particularly true of oil. Even the touch of a human finger will provide sufiicient oil to prevent a proper solid phase bond. Consequently, the use of oil on tools and fixtures to operate dies 18 and 19 would generally be considered as something to prohibit. Lack of oil, of course, would cause extremely rapid disintegration of a tool operating under high compression forces. Therefore, it has been found that an unexpected advantage can be obtained by reason of the use of the mating circular surfaces 27 and 31 rather than a conventional cam. Because these mating circular surfaces provide a large area of contact at all times as opposed to a line contact normally obtained by a cam, a porous metal structure of an oil bearing nature may be used as the material for the cam carriage 30. Normally, such porous metal structures are not considered to be sufficiently strong for high compression bearings. Hereto-fore the use of such oil bearing porous metals has been confined to inserts in and around a bearing proper. The improved construction of this invention has resulted in the use of the porous metal member as a bearing member.

Oil is carried by the porous metal member in a manner which is now well-known and will feed to both the interface between circular surfaces 27 and 31 and the interface between surfaces 29 and 37 keeping both interfaces well lubricated by preventing any excess oil to bleed over and contaminate the surface of dies 18 and 19.

The maintenance of proper die dimensions is very important in the cold pressure produced union between metals and it is, therefore, important that there be no points of wear that would let these dimensions change. The construction illustrated and described accomplishes that function in a very satisfactory manner.

In addition to the features heretofore described, the illustrated embodiment of a tool provides the handle 32 bent in a manner to prevent knuckle damage to the operator when the handles are closed and to help the tools stay level when used on a bench. The sides of the tools are flush to allow the tool to be clamped in a vice. The dies are quickly removable by one screw for each die. The dies can be made so that they will stay in one position or can be made rotatable by the provision of a circumferential groove to mate with the ledge 16. The die space is shimable in order that a definite die space dimension can be easily obtained.

Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

What is claimed is:

In a hand press having a bed member and a ram member wherein the ram member is guided to move through a rectilinear path toward and away from the bed member, the improvement in the ram driving structure which comprises, the provision of a slidable shoe bearing on said ram member, said shoe and ram having a surface area contact, said ram member having such bearing surface disposed to provide the movement of said shoe along a path transverse to the direction of ram movement, said shoe having a concave curved bearing surface on the side thereof opposite said ram, said press having a drive lever ing surface, whereby rotary movement of the said press drive lever is translated into rectilinear drive through an area contact bearing.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 356,492 Morrill Jan. 25, 1887 396,877 Kennedy Ian. 29, 1889 475,211 Foote May 17, 1892 6 Douthit Dec. 6, Burgess July 23, Kapka Ian. 5, Brooks Dec. 7, Law Oct. 25, Whitney Sept. 8, Pomeroy Mar. 9, Stein Nov. 14, Jensen Nov. 6, Van Stittert et al May 30, Hill Dec. 19, Sowter Sept. 12, Wallace Oct. 28, 

